현실주의 합성(realist synthesis)의 주요 용어

Glossary of Terms (in alphabetical order) 

 

CMOCs

CMOCs spell out the relationship between identified features of the context-mechanism-outcome configuration. CMOCs respond to the question: “How are changes in outcomes produced by interventions introduced to modify the context and balance of mechanisms triggered?” (1)

 

Context

Responds to the question: “What conditions are needed for an intervention to trigger mechanism(s) to produce outcome(s)?” (1)

 

Demi-regularity

Semi-predictable patterns of CMOCs. They are the broad lessons for whom, in what circumstances and in what respects an intervention is more likely to succeed.

 

Environment

Research environment includes: ‘shared values, assumptions, beliefs, rituals and other forms of behaviour whose central focus is the acceptance and recognition of research practice and output as valued, worthwhile and pre-eminent activity’ (2)

 

Impact

Research impact is any effect on, change or benefit to the economy, society, culture, public policy or services, health, the environment or quality of life, beyond academia. (3)

 

Intervention

Based on previous work and literature reviews, possible interventions here relate to having a research strategy; people (including research capacity building activities); infrastructure, income and funding (IIF); and research collaborations. (4)

 

Mechanisms

A mechanism is hidden and brings about changes through the implementation of an intervention in a given context. It involves changes in individuals’ reasoning and their capacity to respond when an intervention is applied in a specific context. Therefore, mechanisms are much more than enablers or barriers to the outcomes of interventions. (5) Mechanisms respond to the question: “What is it about an intervention, which may lead it to have a particular outcome pattern in a given context?” (1)

 

Outcome

Outcomes respond to the question: “What are the practical effects produced by causal mechanisms being triggered in given contexts?” (1)

 

Outputs

Outputs are the published products of any form of research including journal articles, monographs and chapters in books, as well as outputs disseminated in other ways such as designs, performances and exhibitions. (3)

 

Program theory

Sets out how and why outcomes occur within an intervention. The differences between the initial and modified program theory indicate the novel findings of a particular research study. (6)

 

RAMESES

RAMESES stands for: Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards. (6)

 

Realism

‘Realism’ agrees that there is a real world but that our knowledge of it is processed through human senses, brains, language and culture. Realism also argues that we can improve our understandings of reality but the ‘real world’ constrains the interpretations we can reasonably make of it. (7)

 

REF

The Research Excellence Framework (REF) is the UK’s current national system for assessing the quality of research in UK higher education institutions. (4, 8)

 

 

출처:

Ajjawi, R., Crampton, P. E., & Rees, C. E. (2018). What really matters for successful research environments? A realist synthesis. Medical education, 52(9), 936-950.